Mycobacterium Avium-intracellulare Sinusitis.

M ycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) sinusitis is rarely diagnosed. There are only nine previous cases documented in the literature, most of which are in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Awareness of MAI sinusitis may prove valuable to the practicing otolaryngologist, and an elevated index of suspicion is necessary in all immunocompromised patients with sinusitis, especially those refractory to medical management. Unless specific investigations for MAI are ordered, the diagnosis may be missed and complications may result. We present the first case report of MAI sinusitis in a diabetic or organ transplant patient and the first in a non–HIV-infected immunocompromised adult. We also present a discussion of MAI and a literature review of MAI sinusitis.