Assessing Host Ranges for Parasitoids and Predators Used for Classical Biological Control: a Guide to Best Practice
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منابع مشابه
Host Specificity Assessment of European Peristenus Parasitoids for Classical Biological Control of Native Lygus species in North America: Use of Field Host Surveys to Predict Natural Enemy Habitat and Host Ranges
The Lygus bug complex (Het., Miridae) at many sites in North America causes economic damage to a wide variety of agricultural crops and is the focus of numerous research projects. Lygus can be best suppressed using parasitoids in unsprayed non-cropping situations as well as in crops where pollination is important for maximizing yields. The European parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hym., B...
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Testing of candidate biological control agents to estimate their likely field host ranges in the area of release has been part of weed biological control for several decades, with evolving techniques and goals. Similar efforts have been made less often for parasitoids and predators being introduced for arthropod biological control. Here, we review both techniques of host range testing and socia...
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Empirical research has not supported the prediction that populations of terrestrial herbivorous arthropods are regulated solely by their natural enemies. Instead, both natural enemies (top-down effects) and resources (bottom-up effects) may play important regulatory roles. This review evaluates the hypothesis that higher-order predators may constrain the top-down control of herbivore population...
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Classical arthropod biological control programs lack a universally adopted, broadly utilitarian, and standardized risk assessment testing strategy for precisely estimating physiological and ecological host range of potential biological control agents. We implemented a rigorous host specificity testing protocol for estimating potential physiological and ecological risk to non-target species pose...
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Estimation of the host range of entomophagous biological control agents (parasitoids and predators) is complex. It is not always possible to inoculate all test organisms with eggs or neonates to determine “physiological suitability”. We argue that, for the host range testing of parasitoids, it is important to initially employ test procedures that will maximize the probability that the test spec...
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