A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
نویسندگان
چکیده
OBJECTIVES The present review investigated whether there are systematic sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect. METHODS A literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases. Studies were included if the study compared a group or condition where a placebo was administered to a natural history group or similar cohort. RESULTS Eighteen studies were identified - 12 on placebo effects and 6 on nocebo effects. Chi-square tests revealed that 1) males responded more strongly to placebo treatment, and females responded more strongly to nocebo treatment, and 2) males responded with larger placebo effects induced by verbal information, and females responded with larger nocebo effects induced by conditioning procedures. CONCLUSION This review indicates that there are sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effects, probably caused by sex differences in stress, anxiety, and the endogenous opioid system.
منابع مشابه
Neuro-Bio-Behavioral Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Responses: Implications for Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice.
The placebo effect has often been considered a nuisance in basic and particularly clinical research. This view has gradually changed in recent years due to deeper insight into the neuro-bio-behavioral mechanisms steering both the placebo and nocebo responses, the evil twin of placebo. For the neuroscientist, placebo and nocebo responses have evolved as indispensable tools to understand brain me...
متن کاملLessons learned from placebo groups in antidepressant trials.
This comprehensive review provides an overview about placebo and nocebo phenomena in antidepressant trials. Improvements in the placebo groups may partly be explained through methodological issues such as natural course of depression and regression to the mean, but also fundamentally reflect investigators' and participants' expectations. A meta-analysis by our group of 96 randomized placebo-con...
متن کاملEffects of Dill Extract on Blood Lipid Levels (TC, TG, LDL and HDL): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background and Objective: In recent years,there has been a growing trend towards the use of herbal medicine in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Blood lipid-lowering drugs have many side effects. On the other hand, various studies have reported the effect of dill (Anethum graveolens) on the reduction of blood lipids in different ways. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dill on ...
متن کاملNocebo effect in refractory partial epilepsy during pre-surgical monitoring: Systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials
PURPOSE Nocebo is very prevalent among neurological diseases resulting in low adherence and treatment outcome. We sought to examine the AEs following placebo administration in Randomized Controlled Studies (RCTs) for Epilepsy. METHOD After a systematic Medline search for RCTs for Epilepsy pharmacological treatments, we assessed the number of discontinuations because of placebo intolerance. ...
متن کاملThe Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Mobility and Balance in Parkinson Disease: a Systematic Review
Whole body vibration (WBV) is a contemporary treatment modality that holds promise as an exercise training method in health–compromised individuals. A growing number of studies on individuals with Parkinson Disease are examining whether WBV improves balance and functional mobility. However, interpreting WBV studies is challenging since there is variability in the manner in which WBV interventio...
متن کامل