Mineral and bone disorder and vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease Authors

Increasing evidence has suggested that bone metabolism disorders (BMD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with cardiovascular calcification, which is a major cause of death; however, the mechanisms of such association are not completely known.1 High serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus are considered to be major contributors to arterial calcification.2 In bone remodeling disorders, such as increased calcium Vascular calcifications has been associated with bone and mineral disorders. The alterations in the serum level of calcium concentrations and phosphate are importants factors implicated in the arterial calcification in chronic kidney disease. The pathogenesis of vascular calcification is a complex mechanism and not completely clear, being able to correspond to an active process of cellular transformation and heterotopic ossification. Beyond the hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, they are involved in this process changes in the metabolism of inhibitors and promoters of calcification such as fetuin A, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and matrix gla protein. For the diagnosis of the calcified arterial injury are available several complementary methods, a method of estimate of the cardiovascular risk based on plain radiographs of the lumbar column and another method based on simple x-rays of the pelvis and hands. Below, we will present a review approching the link between vascular calcifications and mineral disorders. abstract