Selenium Nutrition of Cattle: An Update
نویسنده
چکیده
Research regarding the nutritional importance of selenium (Se) has changed markedly over the last 75 years. In the 1930's Se was identified as the toxic agent causing alkali disease in animals. In the 1940's and early 1950's research was conducted to identify the specific seleno-compounds causing toxicity and to develop prophylactic and treatment schemes for selenium toxicity. Selenium research changed completely after Schwarz and Folz (1957) reported that Se was an essential nutrient for laboratory animals. Research quickly focused on domestic animals and Se deficiency was identified as the cause of white muscle disease (Muth et al., 1958). In 1979, after years of research showing many beneficial effects of Se supplementation of domestic animals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration published regulations that legalized Se supplementation of diets for beef and dairy cattle. The current U.S. FDA regulation was published 1987 and allows ruminant diets to be supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se from either sodium selenite or selenate (selenized yeast is also approved in Canada). This paper will 1) briefly review the effects of Se on cattle, 2) discuss factors affecting bioavailability of Se, and 3) present recommendations to maintain proper Se status of cattle.
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