An Experimental investigation of chemical mass transfer processes in crystallizing, hydrous silicate magmas: The genesis of ore deposits and metasomatic fluids

..................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE DISSERTATION OVERVIEW ..................................................... 1 Fundamental Objectives .......................................................................................... 1 The Application of Novel Analytical Techniques to Old Problems ......................... 1 Summary of Salient Results ..................................................................................... 2 Submission of Individual Chapters as Manuscripts for Publication ....................... 4 Chapter Two Synopsis ............................................................................................. 4 Chapter Three Synopsis ........................................................................................... 5 Chapter Four Synopsis ............................................................................................ 6 CHAPTER TWO EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ON Pt, Pd, AND Au PARTITIONING IN SILICATE MELT–SULFIDE–OXIDE AQUEOUS FLUID SYSTEMS AT 800°C, 150 MPa AND VARIABLE SULFUR FUGACITY .................................................... 8 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 9 Procedures: Starting Materials ............................................................................... 11 Procedures: Experimental Design ......................................................................... 12 Procedures: Sulfur and Oxygen Fugacity .............................................................. 13 Analytical Procedures: EPMA Analysis ............................................................... 15 Analytical Procedures: LA-ICP-MS-Analysis ....................................................... 17 Results: Major Element Concentration in the Glass .............................................. 18 Results: Cu, Au, Pt, and Pd Concentrations in the Glass ...................................... 19 Results: Monosulfide Solid Solution Composition ............................................... 24 Results: Intermediate Solid Solution Composition ................................................ 25 Results: Sulfide Melt Composition ........................................................................ 26 Results: Magnetite Composition ............................................................................ 27 Evaluation of Experimental Sulfur Fugacity .......................................................... 27 Discussion: Au, Pt, and Pd Fractionation in Nature .............................................. 29 Discussion: The Effect of Mss Saturation .............................................................. 30 Discussion: The effect of Iss Saturation ................................................................ 33 Applications to Natural Systems ........................................................................... 34 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................. 35 CHAPTER THREE Au SOLUBILITY IN Cl-BEARING BASALTIC MELTS AT VARIABLE fO2 .......................................................................... 55 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 55