Hypogene Karst and Suflate Diagenesis of the Delaware Basin: Southeastern New Mexico and Far West Texas

v Page Introduction Geologic Setting Hydrologic Setting Hypogenic Speleogenesis Coffee Cave Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements IV. CASTILE EVAPORITE KARST POTENTIAL MAP OF THE GYPSUM PLAIN, EDDY COUNTY, NEW MEXICO AND CULBERSON COUNTY, TEXAS: A GIS METHODOLOGICAL COMPARISON Abstract Introduction Geologic Setting Field Studies GIS Analyses Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements V. EPIGENE AND HYPOGENE GYPSUM KARST MANIFESTATIONS OF THE CASTILE FORMATION: EDDY COUNTY, NEW MEXICO AND CULBESON COUNTY, TEXAS, USA Abstract Introduction Study Area Castile Karst Surficial Karst Epigene Caves Hypogene Caves Intrastratal Breccia Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements VI. HYPOGENE SPELEOGENETIC CALCITIZATION: LIMESTONE BUTTES OF THE CASTILE FORMATION, DELAWARE BASIN Abstract Introduction Geologic Setting vi Page Evaporite Calcitization Calcitization Occurrences in the Castile Formation Speleogenesis in the Delaware Basin Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgements VII. NEW INSIGHTS INTO YATES FIELD RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION: HYPOGENIC ORIGIN FOR CAVERNOUS POROSITY Abstract Introduction Speleogenesis: Three Basic Models Syngenetic Karst: Eogenesis Hypogenic Karst: Mesogenesis and Early Telogenesis Epigenic Karst: Late Telogenesis Geologic Setting Karst Development: Regional and Local Karst Manifestations Surficial Manifestations within the Permian Basin Region Yates Field: Caves and Secondary Porosity Yates Field: Secondary Mineralization Speleogenetic Models for the Yates Field Island Karst Model: 20 Century Theory of Yates Field Speleogenesis Hypogenic Karst Model: 21 Century Theory of Yates Field Speleogenesis Conclusions: Evolution of Speleogenetic Concepts Acknowledgements VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Delaware Basin Hypogene Speleogenesis Implications for Natural Resource Management Implications for Future Research REFERENCES CITED APPENDIX