P-type properties of micro and nano-structured carbon films from hydrocarbon palm oil in photovoltaic heterojunction solar cell applications (16 Bold)

The micro and nano-structured amorphous carbon as p-type films prepared from natural palm oil precursor for heterojunction solar cell were presented. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed the micro and nano structured films had particle size in the range of 382 nm to 689 nm and 28 to 34 nm, respectively. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed the existing of carbon in micro-structured amorphous carbon film and carbon together with boron in nano-structured amorphous carbon film. Solar simulator analysis results showed an open circuit voltage (VOC), current density (JSC), fill-factor(FF) and conversion efficiency (η) of Au/a-C/n-Si/Au were 264.62 mV, 1.50434 mA/cm2, 0.32632, and 0.130154 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the VOC, JSC, FF and η of Au/a-C:B/n-Si/Au solar cell were 271.25 mV, 14.91723 mA/cm2, 0.33582, and 1.542622 %, respectively. The conversion efficiency was increased as the p-type film was in nanostructure form.