Estimating fisheries-induced selection: traditional gear selectivity research meets fisheries-induced evolution
نویسندگان
چکیده
The study of fisheries-induced evolution is a research field which is becoming recognized both as an important and interesting problem in applied evolution, as well as a practical management problem in fisheries. Much of the research in fisheries-induced evolution has focussed on quantifying and proving that an evolutionary response has taken place, but less effort has been invested on the actual processes and traits underlying capture of a fish by a fishing gear. This knowledge is not only needed to understand possible phenotypic selection associated to fishing but also to help to device sustainable fisheries and management strategies. Here, we draw attention to the existing knowledge about selectivity of fishing gears and outline the ways in which this information could be utilized in the context of fisheries-induced evolution. To these ends, we will introduce a mathematical framework commonly applied to quantify fishing gear selectivity, illustrate the link between gear selectivity and the change in the distribution of phenotypes induced by fishing, review what is known about selectivity of commonly used fishing gears, and discuss how this knowledge could be applied to improve attempts to predict evolutionary impacts of fishing.
منابع مشابه
Avoidance of fisheries-induced evolution: management implications for catch selectivity and limit reference points
I examined how the fitness (r) associated with early- and late-maturing genotypes varies with fishing mortality (F) and age-/size-specific probability of capture. Life-history data on Newfoundland's northern Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) allowed for the estimation of r for individuals maturing at 4 and 7 year in the absence of fishing. Catch selectivity data associated with four types of fishing ...
متن کاملFisheries-induced evolution of body size and other life history traits: the impact of gear selectivity
Commercial fishing utilizes a variety of gears, all of which are selective with respect to at least some phenotypic characteristics of individuals such as body size or girth. Empirical evidence is mounting that such fishing induces rapid evolutionary changes, with consequences for the size structure and dynamics of the exploited stocks. Here we present the results of life-history models designe...
متن کاملNon-cooperative exploitation of multi-cohort fisheries—The role of gear selectivity in the North-East Arctic cod fishery
North-East Arctic cod is shared by Russia and Norway. Taking its multi-cohort structure into account, how would optimal management look like? How would non-cooperative exploitation limit the obtainable profits? To which extent could the strategic situation explain today’s over-harvesting? Simulation of a detailed bioeconomic model reveals that the mesh size should be significantly increased, re...
متن کاملImplications of fisheries-induced evolution for stock rebuilding and recovery
Worldwide depletion of fish stocks has led fisheries managers to become increasingly concerned about rebuilding and recovery planning. To succeed, factors affecting recovery dynamics need to be understood, including the role of fisheries-induced evolution. Here we investigate a stock's response to fishing followed by a harvest moratorium by analyzing an individual-based evolutionary model param...
متن کاملEvolutionary consequences of fishing and their implications for salmon
We review the evidence for fisheries-induced evolution in anadromous salmonids. Salmon are exposed to a variety of fishing gears and intensities as immature or maturing individuals. We evaluate the evidence that fishing is causing evolutionary changes to traits including body size, migration timing and age of maturation, and we discuss the implications for fisheries and conservation. Few studie...
متن کامل