Modeling atmospheric effects of the September 1859 Solar Flare
نویسندگان
چکیده
We have modeled atmospheric effects, especially ozone depletion, due to a solar proton event which probably accompanied the extreme magnetic storm of 1-2 September 1859. We use an inferred proton fluence for this event as estimated from nitrate levels in Greenland ice cores. We present results showing production of odd nitrogen compounds and their impact on ozone. We also compute rainout of nitrate in our model and compare to values from ice core data.
منابع مشابه
Lord Kelvin ’ s atmospheric electricity measurements
Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) made important contributions to the study of atmospheric electricity during a brief but productive period from 1859–1861. By 1859 Kelvin had recognised the need for “incessant recording” of atmospheric electrical parameters, and responded by inventing both the water dropper equaliser for measuring the atmospheric potential gradient (PG), and photographic data loggi...
متن کاملModeling of 1–2 September 1859 super magnetic storm
Based on an estimated solar wind condition around 1–2 September 1859, we were able to reproduce the Carrington magnetic storm magnetometer record, with the H-component depression of 1600 nT, made at Colaba Observatory in Mumbai, India. We used an updated Dst prediction model from Temerin and Li (2002), which provides a prediction efficiency of 0.91 for 1995– 2002 interval using a fixed set of m...
متن کاملCarrington Flare of 1859 as a Prototypical Worst-Case Solar Energetic Particle Event
Recent analyses of ice core samples indicate that the Carrington flare of 1859 was the largest event observed in the past 500 years. These ice core data yield estimates of the proton fluence for energies greater than 30 MeV, but provide no other spectrum information. Assuming that the proton energy distribution for such an event is similar to that measured for other recent, large events, total ...
متن کاملInvestigation of the effects of geomagnetic storms on ionospheric irregularities using the combination of ground-based GNSS and SWARM satellites
Geomagnetic storms are one of the main causes of ionospheric perturbations in different sizes, depending on their intensity, which could disturb radio signals passing through this medium. On September 6-12, 2017, the sudden storm commencement (SSC) was the most massive geomagnetic storm of the year due to the X9 solar flare caused by a coronal mass ejection (CME). IMF-Bz and Dst values increase...
متن کاملکاربرد الگوریتم ژنتیک و ماشین بردار پشتیبان در جستجوی پارامترهای نانوشرارههای تاج خورشید
Nanoflares are the small impulsive sudden energy releases, due to the explosion of solar background. Thus, determination of their energies and distributions is important . Recent observations and simulation models have shown that the frequency of their energies follows power-law. According to Parker hypothesis, if these exponents are greater than critical value 2, the contributions of nanofla...
متن کامل