Obtaining minimum-correlation Latin Hypercube Sampling plans using an IP-based heuristic

نویسنده

  • Carl M. Harris
چکیده

The objective of Latin Hypercube Sampling is to determine an effective procedure for sampling from a (possibly correlated) multivariate population to estimate the distribution function (or at least a significant number of moments) of a complicated function of its variables. The typical application involves a computer-based model in which it is largely impossible to find a way (closed form or numerical) to do the necessary transformation of variables and where it is expensive to run in terms of computing resources and time. Classical approaches to hypercube sampling have used sophisticated stratified sampling techniques; but such sampiing may provide incorrect measures of the output parameters' variances or covariances due to correlation between the sampling pairs. In this work, we offer a strategy which provides a sampling specification minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the pairwise differences between the true and sampled correlation pairs. We show that optimal plans can be obtained for even small sample sizes. We consider the characteristics of permutation matrices which minimize the sum of correlations between column pairs and then present an effective heuristic for solution. This heuristic generally finds plans which match the correlation structure exactly. When it does not, we provide a hybrid lagrangian/heuristic method, which empirically has found the optimal solution for all cases tested. Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g . Lateinische Hyperwtirfel Stichprobenverfahren (LHS) dienen dazu, in geeigneter Weise die Verteilungsfunktion (zumindest angenahert) der Funktionswerte einer komplexen (impliziten) Funktion, in Abhangigkeit ihrer Variablenwerte, zu sch~itzen. Anwendungen finden sich in Modellen, in denen erforderliche Variablenumformungen nicht m6glich sind und in denen die Zahl der Simulationsl~ufe aus zeitlichen Grfinden gering zu halten oder fixiert ist. Es stellt sich die Frage, welche Werte in jedem Lauf den Variablen zuzuordnen sind. Herk6mmliche Vorgehensweisen benutzen ausgefeilte, geschichtete Stich* Supported in part by a grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (60NANB9D-0974). ** Supported in part by grants from the Office of Naval Research (N00014-90-J-1324) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49 620-90-C-0022). Correspondence to: C.M. Harris probenverfahren, die jedoch Fehler bei der Bestimmung von Varianz und Kovarianz, aufgrund der Korrelation der Stichprobenpaare, beinhalten k~3nnen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Methode beschrieben, den absoluten Fehler zwischen dem tats~ichlichen und dem korrelierenden Stichprobenpaar so klein wie m6glich zu halten. Selbst fur kleine Stichprobenumf~inge ktinnen dabei schon optimale Pl~ine erzielt werden. Permutationsmatrizen haben die Eigenschaft, die Summe der Korrelationen zwischen Spaltenpaaren zu minimieren. Die vorgestellte Heuristik ist in der Lage, in allen getesteten Fallen das Optimum zu finden.

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تاریخ انتشار 2005