Absorbing Phenomena
نویسندگان
چکیده
Most considerations of global climate change caused by human activities, including the Kyoto convention (1), have focused on the warming influence of greenhouse gases (2). However, aerosols are another important atmospheric constituent that influences climate and has been affected by human activities (3, 4). Aerosol particles increase scattering and absorption of shortwave (solar) radiation (5, 6), increase cloud reflectance (5, 7), enhance cloud lifetimes (8), and suppress precipitation (9, 10). These phenomena are all thought to exert a cooling influence on climate. Recently, Rosenfeld (9) presented results demonstrating that anthropogenic aerosols reduce cloud droplet size and suppress precipitation downwind of major urban areas and industrial facilities, consistent with earlier hypotheses (7, 8). Now, a major study, the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) (11), has extensively documented several of these phenomena and a report from this group (12) has identified yet another important effect of anthropogenic aerosols on clouds.
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