Reforming the Multilateral Export Control Regimes
نویسنده
چکیده
The use of export controls to regulate the supply of major conventional arms systems and materials associated with weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has long been a central component of nonproliferation efforts. But how well are US and multilateral efforts to control the export of advanced weaponry and sensitive dual-use technologies working? Iraq’s ability to purchase key components for its WMD, Iran’s alleged procurement of sensitive weapons technologies from Russian companies, and reports of China enhancing its nuclear weapons and missile capabilities through acquisition of US technology suggest that international export controls are weak. Moreover, the multilateral export control regimes (i.e., formal or informal institutions) established to stem the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, biological, and advanced conventional arms appear illprepared to deal with the challenges of globalization and increased technology trade in this century. These nonproliferation export control regimes, which include (see Table 1) the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the Australia Group (AG), the Wassenaar Arrangement (WA), and the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), are in desperate need of reform and enhancements. If the United States and other countries fail to act quickly to address existing shortcomings of the international technology control regimes, important nonproliferation tools will be lost.
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