Hamiltonian Flows of Curves in G/SO(N) and Vector Soliton Equations of mKdV and Sine-Gordon Type

The bi-Hamiltonian structure of the two known vector generalizations of the mKdV hierarchy of soliton equations is derived in a geometrical fashion from flows of nonstretching curves in Riemannian symmetric spaces G/SO(N). These spaces are exhausted by the Lie groups G = SO(N + 1), SU(N). The derivation of the bi-Hamiltonian structure uses a parallel frame and connection along the curve, tied to a zero curvature Maurer–Cartan form on G, and this yields the mKdV recursion operators in a geometric vectorial form. The kernel of these recursion operators is shown to yield two hyperbolic vector generalizations of the sine-Gordon equation. The corresponding geometric curve flows in the hierarchies are described in an explicit form, given by wave map equations and mKdV analogs of Schrödinger map equations.