Effects of ripe papaya (Carica papaya) seed powder on the seminiferous epithelium of the boar testis

Carica papaya (pawpaw) is an economically important fruit of the tropics and subtropics. The fruit and leaves of pawpaw contain proteins and alkaloids of potential important medicinal, industrial and pharmaceutical applications; these include antimicrobial, anthelmintic and antifertility effects. These effects are attributed to many biologically active compounds of C papaya; Benzyl isothiocyanate and Papain are responsible for the anthelmintic activity and Oleanolic glycoside have the antifertility activity. Anthelmintic results of papaya indicate high efficacy against Ascaris suum while antifertility effects have been demonstrated in various species, including the primates. In the tropics Carica papaya fruits are available all year round and are a significant dietary component of humans as fresh fruits and/or, vegetable or processed products. The remains in hotels and surplus in homes containing the papaya seeds are usually fed to livestock because of the perceived nutritional and medicinal values with no regard to the possible negative effects on reproduction of these animals. Since the pig is usually fed on swirl, most of which contains the