A crystal-clear view
نویسنده
چکیده
S imple biominerals are composed of complex structures, which often have precise architectural order over several length scales. TIlis amazing architecture contributes to their superior strength and toughness, allowing them to outperform synthetic materials. Biominerals rely heavily on their biological constituents, such as biomacromolecules, for' regulation of mineralization. Pathological mineralization leads to the formation of undesired biominerals such as kidney stones, artherosclerosis and dental calculus. It is therefore of great importance to unravel the mechanisms that cause the formation of both desirable and undesirable biominerals in organisms. One secret ofbiominerals' superior material properties is their organicinorganic hybrid structure whereby precise arrangement of the building blocks is achieved over several length scales. For example, the fracture resistance of nacre is 3,OOO-fold higher than that of brittle CaCO, (aragonite), which comprises 95% of nacre's weight. TIle adaptation of these building principles in synthetic models is highly attractive and can be further enhanced by synthetic chemistry'·'. To take advantage of these strategies for building better materials, a firm understanding ofbiomineralization mechanisms and design principles is required. As a consequence of the analytical challenges posed, these details of biomineralization remain unknown. Even in the case of bone and teeth with studies spanning several decades focused on these issues formation mechanisms remain ambiguous. This is demonstrated by the controversial debate surrounding whether bone mineralizes by means of ion-based or amorphous precursors. To complicate the
منابع مشابه
Knowledge Mobilization in Healthcare Organizations: A View from the Resource-Based View of the Firm
This short literature review argues that the Resource-Based View (RBV) school of strategic management has recently become of increased interest to scholars of healthcare organizations. RBV links well to the broader interest in more effective Knowledge Mobilization (KM) in healthcare. The paper outlines and discusses key concepts, texts and authors from the RBV tradition and gives recent example...
متن کاملGravity Reduction View: A Radiographic Technique for the Evaluation and Management of Weber B Fibula Fractures
Background: While various radiographic parameters and application of manual/gravity stress have been proposed to elucidate instability for Weber B fibula fractures, the prognostic capability of these modalities remains unclear. Determination of anatomic positioning of the mortise is paramount. We propose a novel view, the Gravity Reduction View (GRV), which helps elucidate non-anatomic position...
متن کاملEvaluation of Crystal, Crack and Ethanol on viability of Mesenchymal Stem cells
Introduction Nowadays, due to drug abuse the world community has suffered considerable losses, resulting from productivity loss; transmission of infectious diseases; physical, mental, social and family problems and disabilities; increased crime rates; the need for providing health care practices; threatened personal safety; and decreased life quality. Crack, a cheap, highl...
متن کاملA critical view on a paper
The paper delth with the effect of presuppositions and theological foundations in perceiving the meaning of Quranic verses, proving the theological tendency in exegeses, using three exegeses including Tebyan, Kashshaf and Kabir as the deputies for Shiites, Mu’tazelites and Asharites respectively and focusing on the theological problem of sighting God, the exalted, referred to in the verse 14...
متن کاملSome Tips about Tonsils and Adenoid Tonsil
This is an artic.:le about the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue. so called waldyer's ring. I have tride to give a rather clear discription of Its functi<"m, especially pointing to Its role in protecting the body against the infections by promoting the antibodv production and lymphocite formation. In the view of these functions a clear cut indications and contraindications of adenotonsillectomy has...
متن کامل