Chemistry in nanochannel confinement.

This review addresses the questions of whether it makes sense to use lithographically defined nanochannels for chemistry in liquids, and what it is possible to learn from experiments on that topic. The behavior of liquids in different classes of pores (categorized according to their size) is reviewed, with a focus on chemical reactions and protein dynamics. A number of interesting phenomena are discussed for nanochannels with feature sizes that are manufacturable with modern photolithography-based fabrication technology. The use of spectroscopic methods to investigate chemistry in nanochannels, where both spectroscopic method and nanochannels are integrated into a single device, will be evaluated.