Beyond The Glutamate N-methyl D-aspartate Receptor in Major Depressive Disorder: The mTOR Signaling Pathway

نویسندگان

  • Beata Karolewicz
  • Mesut Cetin
  • Feyza Aricioglu
چکیده

Serotonin ve/veya noradrenalin üzerinden etki yapan geleneksel antidepresanlar depresif hastaların yaklasık yarısında etkisiz kalmakta ve etkin olmaları durumunda da etkilerinin başlaması geç olmaktadır. Glutamaterjik sistemin majör depresif bozukluğun nöropatolojisinde ve tedavisinde önemli rol oynadığına dair kanıtlar giderek artmaktadır. Yakın zamanda ketaminin tek doz uygulanmasıyla hızlı ve uzun süren antidepresan etki sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Ketamin, glutamat ile taşınan sinirsel iletiyi alan N-metilD-aspartat reseptörlerini (NMDARs) bloke eden, insan ve hayvanda anestezik olarak kullanılan bir ilaçtır. Çok yakın zamanda Yale Üniversitesi’nde yapılan ve Science dergisinin Ağustos sayısında yayınlanan bir çalışmada ketaminin etki mekanizması tam olarak aydınlatılmıştır. Sıçanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda temel bilimciler ketaminin sinirlerde sinyal iletimini sağlayan bir çok yolaktan biri olan “rapamisinin memelilerdeki hedefi” diye adlandırılan [“mammalian target of rapamycin” (mTOR)] yolağı hızla aktive ettiğini göstermişlerdir. Bu yeni yaklaşım depresyon tedavisinde devrim olarak yorumlanabilir ve antidepresan ilaç geliştirilmesinde yeni terapötik hedeflere yol açabilir.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Alteration of Depressive-like Behaviors by Psilocybe cubensis Alkaloid Extract in Mice: the Role of Glutamate Pathway

Background and objectives: Considering the increasing prevalence of depression, many studies are launched to investigate new antidepressant treatments. The present research has shown how psilocybin as an active compound of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer extract (PCE) can change the parameters related to depression and anxiety in animal models. Both ...

متن کامل

Roles of glutamate receptors and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in activity-dependent dendritic protein synthesis in hippocampal neurons.

Local protein synthesis in neuronal dendrites is critical for synaptic plasticity. However, the signaling cascades that couple synaptic activation to dendritic protein synthesis remain elusive. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of glutamate receptors and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in regulating dendritic protein synthesis in live neurons. We first charac...

متن کامل

Glutamate receptor antagonists as fast-acting therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of depression: ketamine and other compounds.

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid and potent antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. These effects are in direct contrast to the more modest effects seen after weeks of treatment with classic monoaminergic antidepressants. Numerous open-label and case studies similarly validate ketamine's antidepressant...

متن کامل

Antidepressant effects of ketamine and the roles of AMPA glutamate receptors and other mechanisms beyond NMDA receptor antagonism.

The molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder remain poorly understood, and current antidepressant treatments have many shortcomings. The recent discovery that a single intravenous infusion of ketamine at a subanesthetic dose had robust, rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in individuals with treatment-resistant depression inspired tremendous interest in investigating the...

متن کامل

AMPA Receptor–mTOR Activation is Required for the Antidepressant-Like Effects of Sarcosine during the Forced Swim Test in Rats: Insertion of AMPA Receptor may Play a Role

Sarcosine, an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive inhibitor of the type I glycine transporter and an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) coagonist. Recently, we found that sarcosine, an NMDAR enhancer, can improve depression-related behaviors in rodents and humans. This result differs from previous studies, which have reported antidepressant effects of NMDAR antagonists. The mechanisms un...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2011