A particle swarm optimization algorithm for the continuous absolute p-center location problem with Euclidean distance

The p-center location problem is concerned with determining the location of p centers in a plane/space to serve n demand points having fixed locations. The continuous absolute pcenter location problem attempts to locate facilities anywhere in a space/plane with Euclidean distance. The continuous Euclidean p-center location problem seeks to locate p facilities so that the maximum Euclidean distance to a set of n demand points is minimized. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm previously advised for the solution of the absolute p-center problem on a network has been extended to solve the absolute pcenter problem on space/plan with Euclidean distance. In this paper we develop a PSO algorithm for the continuous absolute pcenter location problem to minimize the maximum Euclidean distance from each customer to his/her nearest facility, called “PSO-ED”. This problem is proven to be NP-hard. We tested the proposed algorithm “PSO-ED” on a set of 2D and 3D problems and compared the results with a branch and bound algorithm. The numerical experiments show that PSO-ED algorithm can solve optimally location problems with Euclidean distance including up to 1,904,711 points. Keywords—absolute p-center; location problem; particle swarm optimization