Dynamic Cervical Spine Kinematics in Young Healthy Adults
نویسنده
چکیده
The cervical spine allows humans to perform complex motions including lateral bending, twisting, and flexion/extension. The anatomical structures of the cervical spine, such as the cervical discs, facet joints, and ligaments, are constantly under stress due to everyday activities. Sustained stress over time causes injury and degeneration in the structures of the cervical spine and the development of degenerative cervical spine disease. Degenerative cervical spine disease occurs in about twothirds of the United States population during the course of their lifetime and is the result of work, sports, aging, stress, or trauma. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is the most common surgical procedure to treat degenerative cervical spine disease in the United States. This procedure is performed approximately 150,000 times per year and involves fusing adjacent vertebrae, referred to as a motion segment, together. Twenty-five percent of people who undergo ACDF surgery require an additional revision surgery within ten years of the initial operation. The requirement for an additional surgery is thought to be the result of Adjacent Segment Disease (ASD), which is the degeneration of the bone segments adjacent to the fused vertebrae. ASD may be a result of the natural degeneration in the cervical spine or it may be caused by increased strain in the cervical segments adjacent to the fused bones. Spinal implants, another treatment for cervical disc injury, is not as common as ACDF because current implants do not offer a full range of movement. In order to improve the effectiveness of spinal implants, the natural motion of the spine must first be defined. With more effective spinal implants, treatment for degenerative cervical spine disease will improve and the quality of life of patients will significantly increase.
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