Cutting edge: Natural helper cells derive from lymphoid progenitors.

The Role of TOX in the Development of Innate Lymphoid Cells

TOX, an evolutionarily conserved member of the HMG-box family of proteins, is essential for the development of various cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system. TOX is required for the development of CD4(+) T lineage cells in the thymus, including natural killer T and T regulatory cells, as well as development of natural killer cells and fetal lymphoid tissue inducer cells, the latte...

NFIL3 orchestrates the emergence of common helper innate lymphoid cell precursors.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of effectors that originate from a common innate lymphoid cell progenitor. However, the transcriptional program that sets the identity of the ILC lineage remains elusive. Here, we show that NFIL3 is a critical regulator of the common helper-like innate lymphoid cell progenitor (CHILP). Cell-intrinsic Nfil3 ablation led to variably impaired development o...

Clonal Type I Interferon–producing and Dendritic Cell Precursors Are Contained in Both Human Lymphoid and Myeloid Progenitor Populations

Because of different cytokine responsiveness, surface receptor, and transcription factor expression, human CD11c(-) natural type I interferon-producing cells (IPCs) and CD11c(+) dendritic cells were thought to derive through lymphoid and myeloid hematopoietic developmental pathways, respectively. To directly test this hypothesis, we used an in vitro assay allowing simultaneous IPC, dendritic ce...

Respond Differentially to Chemokines Cutting Edge : T Helper 1 and T Helper 2 Cells

Inflammation on the move

Effective immune responses to pathogens require the activation and differentiation of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes, such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T cells, respectively. ILCs consist of distinct helper-like subsets representing innate versions of CD4 + T helper subsets, whereas natural killer cells represent the innate counterpart of CD8 + cytotoxic T cells. By producing effec...