Ntyft/Ntyxt Rules Reduce to Ntree Rules

Groote and Vaandrager introduced the tyft/tyxt format for Transition System Speci cations (TSSs), and established that for each TSS in this format that is well-founded, the bisimulation equivalence it induces is a congruence. In this paper, we construct for each TSS in tyft/tyxt format an equivalent TSS that consists of tree rules only. As a corollary we can give an a rmative answer to an open question, namely whether the well-foundedness condition in the congruence theorem for tyft/tyxt can be dropped. These results extend to tyft/tyxt with negative premises and predicates.