1 The Evolution of Gall Traits in the Fordinae (Homoptera)
نویسنده
چکیده
The evolutionary divergence of the galling habit of aphids (Homoptera: Fordinae) that induce different gall types on Pistacia spp. (Anacardiaceae) trees in the Mediterranean region was examined. The phylogenetic cladogram of the aphids that was based on sequences of mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) was constructed. Placing gall traits on the single parsimony cladogram suggests that gall types evolved gradually from simple to complex structure and higher reproductive success. The importance of improved nutrition (sink strength) and defense in the evolution and maintenance of gall divergence in the Fordinae is discussed.
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