Albumen Transport to Bruch's Membrane and RPE by Choriocapillaris Caveolae

PURPOSE The choriocapillaris (CC), the capillary network of the choroid, is positioned adjacent to Bruch's membrane (BM) and the RPE. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism(s) for transport of serum albumen from CC lumen to RPE. METHODS Alexa647 conjugated to BSA (BSA-A647) or PBS was administrated via the femoral vein to young and aged wild-type (WT; C57BL/6J) mice and Caveolin-1 knockout mice (Cav1(-/-)). Mice were perfused with PBS and killed at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after injection. Eyecups were cryopreserved, and cryosections were analyzed on a Zeiss 710 confocal microscope. Bovine serum albumin conjugated to gold nanoparticles (BSA-GNP) was administrated through the left common carotid artery. Mice were perfused with PBS and killed at 30 minutes after injection. Eyecups were embedded after fixation, and 70-nm-thick sections were analyzed on a Hitachi H7600 transmission electron microscope. RESULTS In eyes of WT young mice, BSA-A647 was transported to the RPE at 30 minutes and diffused to the photoreceptor layer by 1 hour. In contrast, most BSA-A647 was found in the CC in Cav1(-/-) eyes. The majority of BSA-GNP found in the CC of young WT mice was on the luminal side in caveolae at 30 minutes after injection. In aged WT mice, BSA-GNPs were found in defective tight junctions between endothelial cells and appeared trapped at the diaphragm of fenestrations. CONCLUSIONS Normally, CC carefully regulates transport system of BSA from lumen to BM by caveolae-mediated transcytosis; however, endothelium cells of aged control WT mice have leaky tight junctions and lacked regulated BSA transport.