A Test-Ordering Based Temperature-Cycling Acceleration Technique for 3D Stacked ICs

In a modern three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC), vertically stacked dies are interconnected using through silicon vias. 3D ICs are subject to undesirable temperature-cycling phenomena such as through silicon via protrusion as well as void formation and growth. These cycling effects that occur during early life result in opens, resistive opens, and stress induced carrier mobility reduction. Consequently these early-life failures lead to products that fail shortly after the start of their use. Artificially-accelerated temperature cycling, before the manufacturing test, helps to detect such early-life failures that are otherwise undetectable. A test-ordering based temperaturecycling acceleration technique is introduced in this paper that integrates a temperature-cycling acceleration procedure with pre-, mid-, and post-bond tests for 3D ICs. Moreover, it reduces the need for costly temperature chamber based temperature-cycling acceleration methods. All these result in a reduction in the overall test costs. The proposed method is a test-ordering and schedule based solution that enforces the required temperature cycling effect and simultaneously performs the tests whenever appropriate. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique.