Frequency of urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients and effect on graft function.

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors of urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients and its effect on graft function among transplanted patients visiting the outpatients department of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. METHODS This cohort study was conducted at Transplantation department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Karachi. The period of the study enrollment extended from April 2008 to September 2008 included were two hundred adult live related renal transplant recipients who were enrolled during the initial post transplant period and followed up for one year. Analysis was done by using SPSS ver 10.0. The level of significance was taken as 0.05. Student's t test and chi square test were used to compare the variables in both groups. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 30 +/- 10 years. Sixty six (33%) renal transplant recipients had at least one episode of urinary tract infection which occurred in 51 (77%) patients during the first two months after renal transplant and 8 (12%) patients had recurrence of infection. Gram negative bacilli were the principally isolated agents. E. coli was found in 34 (51%) patients and Pseudomonas in 12 (18%). Renal stone disease, structural abnormalities, delays in Foleys removal, and post operation hospital stay were statistically significant risk factors for urinary tract infection in the patients. Twenty three recipients of the study developed early graft dysfunction due to urinary tract infection. No graft was lost in either groups. CONCLUSION Structural abnormalities, renal stone disease, delay in removal of Foley's catheter and increased post transplant hospital stay are risk factors leading to UTI in renal transplant recipients.