Forest Restoration in Abandoned Agricultural Land: a Case Study from East Africa

نویسندگان

  • COLIN A. CHAPMAN
  • LAUREN J. CHAPMAN
چکیده

Millions of hectares of tropical forests have been converted to agricultural land and abandoned, so it is important that we understand the process of forest recovery and comprehend how pathways are modified by different types of disturbance in different geographic regions. In a 4-year case study, we quantified the pattern of forest recovery following clearing and 3 years of cultivation of a moist-evergreen forest in Uganda. Long-term observation (746 hours) of frugivore visitation to the regenerating area demonstrated that birds were frequent visitors (5.8 birds/hour), whereas large mammalian frugivores rarely used the area. Frugivore visitation rates facilitated seedling recruitment that averaged 0.51 seedlings/m 2 from 22 tree species by the end of the study. Recruitment included species with large seeds, despite the fact that seed-eating rodents were almost twice as abundant in the regenerating area than in mature forest. By the end of the study, however, only 20 trees were $ 0.5 m tall, and no trees were $ 2 m tall. This slow recruitment reflected high seedling mortality and dominance of the area by elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) and the herb Acanthus pubescens . After 4 years, trees $ 0.5 m tall attained a biomass of only 8.92 kg/ha, whereas the biomass of P. purpureum and A. pubescens had reached 35,500 kg/ha and 18,100 kg/ha respectively. We provide an initial assessment of two programs designed to enhance restoration of abandoned agricultural lands: planting of cuttings to act as dispersal foci and sowing of seeds. Our results showed that density of seedlings growing in the management plot where we sowed seeds (0.35 seedlings/m 2 ) and in the plot where we established cuttings (0.30 seedling/m 2 ) was lower than in the control plot (0.51 seedlings/m 2 ). This East African site was only lightly disturbed, yet tree recovery was occurring slower than in heavily degraded sites described from South America. The rate of recovery seemed to be strongly determined by interactions between tree seedlings and P. purpureum and A. pubescens . Restauración de Bosques en Tierras Agriculturales Abandonadas: Caso de Estudio en Africa Occidental Resumen: Millones de hectáreas de bosque tropical han sido convertidas a tierras agriculturales y abandonadas; por ello, es importante que entendamos el proceso de recuperación del bosque y comprendamos como sus posibles vías son modificadas por diferentes tipos de perturbación en diferentes regiones geográficas. En un caso de estudio de cuatro años de duración, cuatificamos los patrones de recuperación del bosque posterior a un clareo y tres años de cultivo en un bosque tropical húmedo siempreverde de Uganda. Observaciones de largo plazo (746 horas) de visitas de frugívoros a las áreas de regeneración demonstraron que las aves fueron visitadores frecuentes (5.8 aves/hora), mientras que mamíferos frugívoros grandes utilizaron el área en raras ocasiones. Las tasas de visita de frugívoros facilitó el reclutamiento de plátulas y promedió 0.51 plántulas/m 2 para 22 especies de árboles al final del estudio. El reclutamiento incluyó especies con semillas grandes a pesar del hecho de que la abundancia de roedores que se alimentan de semillas fue doble en la zona en regeneración que en el bosque maduro. Sin embrago, al final del estudio solo 20 árboles tuviéron $ 0.5 m de altura y no hubiéron árboles de $ 2 m de altura. Este reclutamiento lento refleja una alta mortalidad de plántulas y la dominancia en el área del pasto elefante ( Pennisetum purpureum ) y la hierba Acanthus pubescens . Después de 4 años, los árboles de . 0.5 m de altura obtuvieron una biomasa de tan solo 8.42 kg/ha, mientras que la biomasa de P. purpureum y A. pubescens alcanzó 35,500 y 18,100 kg/ha respectivamente. Proveemos una evaluación inicial de dos programas diseñados para incrementar la restauración de tierras agriculturales abandonadas: siembra de esquejes que actúen como dispersores y siembra de semillas. ‡ email [email protected] Paper submitted May 7, 1998; revised manuscript accepted March 3, 1999. 1302 Forest Recovery in East Africa Chapman & Chapman Conservation Biology Volume 13, No. 6, December 1999 Nuestros resultados muestran que las densidades de plántulas creciendo en los lotes manejados donde se sembraron semillas (0.35 plántulas/m 2 ) y en los lotes donde se establecieron esquejes (0.30 plántulas/m 2 ) fueron más bajas que en los lotes control (0.51 plántulas/m 2 ). Este sitio Africano fué perturbado solo ligeramente, sin embargo, la recuperación de los árboles ocurre mas despacio que en sitios altamente degradados descritos para Sudamérica. la tasa de recuperación parece estar altamente degradados descritos para Sudamérica. La tasa de recuperación parece estar altamente determinada por interacciones entre las semillas de los árboles y P. purpureum y A. pubescens .

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Identifying Rangeland Development and Restoration Operations Targets (Case Study: Hossein Abad Bazoft Basin, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran)

The purpose of this study was identifying rangeland development andrestoration operations targets. This study was conducted in Hossein Abad Bazoft basinwith 7162 ha area, located in south east of Farsan County, Chaharmahal and BakhtiariProvince, Iran. The basin has various land uses including rangeland, forest, irrigated farmand garden, dry farm, residential area and rock mass. In this study, d...

متن کامل

Factors Associated with Succession of Abandoned Agricultural Lands along the Lower Missouri River, U.S.A

The 1993 flood of the Missouri River led to the abandonment of agriculture on considerable land in the floodplain. This abandonment led to a restoration opportunity for the U.S. Federal Government, purchasing those lands being sold by farmers. Restoration of this floodplain is complicated, however, by an imperfect understanding of its past environmental and vegetative conditions. We examined en...

متن کامل

Changes in soil microbial community structure following the abandonment of agricultural terraces in mountainous areas of Eastern Spain.

In Eastern Spain, almond trees have been cultivated in terraced orchards for centuries, forming an integral part of the Mediterranean forest scene. In the last decades, orchards have been abandoned due to changes in society. This study investigates effects of changes in land use from forest to agricultural land and the posterior land abandonment on soil microbial community, and the influence of...

متن کامل

Effect of Rangeland Conversion to Dryland Farming on Soil Chemical Properties (Case study: Kian rangelands, Lorestan, Iran)

Land use change as the most important destructive factor in natural ecosystems is a globally problem that changes soil properties. Therefore, correct management and recognition of change aspects on each component of the ecosystem is necessary. This process causes land destruction, ecosystem instability, soil erosion, and more biological threats. Due to increasing land use conversion from rangel...

متن کامل

Mapping Secondary Forest Succession on Abandoned Agricultural Land with LiDAR Point Clouds and Terrestrial Photography

Secondary forest succession on abandoned agricultural land has played a significant role in land cover changes in Europe over the past several decades. However, it is difficult to quantify over large areas. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for mapping forest succession patterns using vegetation structure information derived from LiDAR data supported by national topographic vecto...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1999