Role of alveolar macrophages in respiratory transmission of visna/maedi virus.
نویسندگان
چکیده
A major route of transmission of Visna/maedi virus (VMV), an ovine lentivirus, is thought to be via the respiratory tract, by inhalation of either cell-free or cell-associated virus. In previous studies, we have shown that infection via the lower respiratory tract is much more efficient than via upper respiratory tissues (T. N. McNeilly, P. Tennant, L. Lujan, M. Perez, and G. D. Harkiss, J. Gen. Virol. 88:670-679, 2007). Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are prime candidates for the initial uptake of virus in the lower lung, given their in vivo tropism for VMV, abundant numbers, location within the airways, and role in VMV-induced inflammation. Furthermore, AMs are the most likely cell type involved in the transmission of cell-associated virus. In this study, we use an experimental in vivo infection model that allowed the infection of specific segments of the ovine lung. We demonstrate that resident AMs are capable of VMV uptake in vivo and that this infection is associated with a specific up-regulation of AM granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and an increase in bronchoalveolar lymphocyte numbers (P < 0.05), but not a generalized inflammatory response 7 days postinfection. We also demonstrate that both autologous and heterologous VMV-infected AMs are capable of transmitting virus after lower, but not upper, respiratory tract instillation and that this transfer of virus appears not to involve the direct migration of virus-infected AMs from the airspace. These results suggest that virus is transferred from AMs into the body via an intermediate route. The results also suggest that the inhalation of infected AMs represents an additional mechanism of virus transmission.
منابع مشابه
[Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the experimental interstitial lung disease induced in sheep by visna-maedi virus].
Infection of sheep by visna-maedi virus causes an interstitial pneumonitis similar to that associated with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Visna-maedi virus infection of alveolar macrophages leads to their activation. In this study we determined whether an imbalance in oxidant-antioxidant activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. We investigated the spontaneous a...
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Visna-maedi virus is a lentivirus that causes a chronic disease in sheep affecting, among other organs, the lungs. Interstitial pneumonitis is similar to that in man associated with the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type-1. We have compared the pathological features of lungs of sheep naturally infected with visna-maedi virus with the results obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage ...
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The aim of this work was to perform a complete study of maedi-visna virus (MVV) infected mammary glands of naturally-infected sheep, and to determine if cells other than macrophages undergo a productive viral infection in this organ. Fifteen seropositive and two seronegative ewes were selected from MVV-infected flocks on the basis of clinical indurative mastitis and three sheep from an MVV-free...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of virology
دوره 82 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008