Synthesis & Analysis of Adaptive Beamforming Smart Antenna for Advanced Communication Systems

Recent developments in the field of wireless communication systems are due to the development in field of Smart Antennas. These Antennas are capable of fulfilling high demand of data rate, capacity and also offers good quality of services to wireless communication systems. These characteristics can be obtained by increasing the gain of antenna in the desired direction; which is achieved by directing main lobes of the antenna beam pattern towards the desired users and null patterns in the direction of interferers. The most important feature of a smart antenna is its beam forming capability. During beam forming the smart antenna creates a directional beam toward the desired user and nulls the signal in the directions of undesired users by appropriately adjusting the magnitude and phase of the signal transmitted by each of its elements. In comparison to Omni-directional transmissions, beam forming reduces interference, allowing more concurrent transmissions in the network. Moreover, by concentrating the transmission energy in a specific direction, beam forming creates a signal that is in order of the magnitude stronger than that of the signals in other directions. This technique can be used to increase the coverage of a particular area or data rate or the spectral efficiency of the system. The increased signal-to-noise ratio results in a larger gain in the direction of the desired user, and also provides better control of the distribution of spatial interference in the cell. Beam forming can be applied to the both downlink and uplink. This paper focuses on synthesis and analysis of adaptive beam forming smart antennas. RLS and LMS Algorithm methodoly has been applied to observe the behavior of antenna. The obtained results are compared via simulations and the effectiveness of the proposed system is verified for different wireless communication networks.