Chemical Conversion of Palm-based Lignocellulosic Biomass to Nano-Cellulose: Review

Currently, Malaysia has significantly increased its reputation as a country ripe for investments in the palm-based lignocellulosic biomass space. Lignocellulosic palm biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as other minor components. The presence of highly cellulose content in palm biomass is potentially convert to nanocellulose, which is a promising bio-polymer that useful for various industrial application, such as personal care, chemical, foods, pharmaceutical and bio-composite. Nanocellulose possesses many advantages, such as nano-scale dimension, high strength and modulus, high surface area, unique optical properties, etc. This amazing characteristic and wide application prospects have attracted significant interest from both research scientists and industrialists. In this study, we will present basic chemistry of palm-based biomass, complex structure of, biomass and it's recalcitrant. Furthermore, comparison study of all chemical pretreatmentsto unlock the polysaccharide and depolymerisation of palm-based cellulose into nanocellulose will be discussed herein.