A Survey Paper Based On Contrast Enhancement of Gray Image Using Fuzzy Based Contrast Intensification Operator

In this recent period, the image processing plays a key function in different fields of engineering and Research. Perhaps to increase the effectiveness of this field, quality of an image should be enhanced to support the human sensitivity or machine visualization. The contrast of an image is defined as difference of gray levels presented in the image. There are a number of conventional methods available for image contrast enhancement, like Gamma Correction, Power law transformation, histogram equalization etc. they all are based on the crisp logic. In this paper a novel approach for gray image contrast enhancement is proposed using the fuzzy logic based contrast intensification operator. The proposed method treats with the fuzzy logic based method because, fuzzy logic is a strong tool to handle vagueness, uncertainty and since images are vague in terms of pixel values fuzzy logic .After following proposed algorithm it is expected that efficient contrast improvement than the conventional techniques such as histogram equalization and adaptive histogram equalization will be achieved.What we do is to give different labels for our object we know. Index Terms Image contrast enhancement, soft computing, fuzzy logic, uncertainty, histogram equalization I .INTRODUCTION Image enhancement processes is the collection of techniques that seeks to improve the visual appearance of an image, or to convert the image into a human perception form. Mostly it is observed that an image acquire suffers from the poor contrast problem; in that case it is not possible to extract required information from the images. Therefore image contrast enhancement is the critical field in the image processing. In the past conventional technique histogram equalization (HE) and adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) has been used to increase the contrast level of the poor contrast image. After an experimental work done, in this paper it has been observed that HE and AHE techniques sometimes provide poor contrast enhancement or over contrast enhancement. In addition to this also observed that both the techniques produce rectangular artifacts in the output. The proposed research work seek to address this problem by make use of the advantage of fuzzy logic, so that a capable contrast enhancement can be attained. The basic suggestion is to utilize hazy and blemish condition management capacity of fuzzy logic based soft computing. Because Fuzzy logic has a good facility of interpretability and can also incorporate expert's knowledge. In proposed research work, the objective is to develop single channel image enhancement technique using fuzzy logic based soft computing. II.LITERATURE SURVEY Image enhancement refers to those image processing function that advance the quality of input image in order to conquer the fault of the human visual system [6], [7]. There is no general theory of image International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 3 Issue 8, August 2014 ISSN: 2278 – 1323 All Rights Reserved © 2014 IJARCET 2619 enhancement. When an image is processed for visual interpretation, the observer is the ultimate judge of how well a particular method works. After literature survey some image enhancement techniques has been concluded. There is so numerous research works has been achieved on image enhancement of gray images, which are follows:  Spatial domain methods, which work directly on pixels.  Frequency domain methods, which work on the Fourier transform of an image.  Fuzzy domain methods, which engage the use of knowledge-base systems that are able of mimicking the behavior of a human expert. Unfortunately, there is no general theory for determining what good „image enhancement is when it comes to human perception. If it looks good, it is good! However, when image enhancement techniques are used as pre-processing tools for other image processing techniques, then quantitative measures can determine which techniques is most appropriate [1], [8]. IV. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION In literature survey part some problems are identified. There are so many area presents in contrast image enhancement using histogram & adaptative histogram equalization such as:  Amorphous ridges & valley of image