An Adaptive Statistical Time–Frequency Method for Detection of Broken Bars and Bearing Faults in Motors Using Stator Current

It is well known that motor current is a nonstationary signal, the properties of which vary with respect to the time-varying normal operating conditions of the motor. As a result, Fourier analysis makes it difficult to recognize fault conditions from the normal operating conditions of the motor. Time–frequency analysis, on the other hand, unambiguously represents the motor current which makes signal properties related to fault detection more evident in the transform domain. In this paper, we present an adaptive, statistical, time–frequency method for the detection of broken bars and bearing faults. Due to the time-varying normal operating conditions of the motor and the effect of motor geometry on the current, we employ a trainingbased approach in which the algorithm is trained to recognize the normal operating modes of the motor before the actual testing starts. During the training stage, features which are relevant to fault detection are estimated using the torque and mechanical speed estimation. These features are then statistically analyzed and segmented into normal operating modes of the motor. For each mode, a representative and a threshold are computed and stored in a data base to be used as a baseline during the testing stage. In the testing stage, the distance of the test features to the mode representatives are computed and compared with the thresholds. If it is larger than all the thresholds, the measurement is tagged as a potential fault signal. In the postprocessing stage, the testing is repeated for multiple measurements to improve the accuracy of the detection. The experimental results from our study suggest that the proposed method provides a powerful and a general approach to the motor-current-based fault detection.