Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Two Different Polymerized Denture Base Resins Cultured on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background: Traditionally for decades most oral maxillofacial prosthesis were fabricated using heat cured acrylic resin with or without Co-Cr metal base, however, recently polyamide materials that are processed thermally not chemically have been widely promoted for use as the perfect alternative to conventional hard acrylic dentures. The aim of this study was to assess the reaction of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) toward the biocompatibility of two different polymerized denture base resins. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 disc-shaped specimens (25 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instruction as follows: Group (I) 10 discshaped heat cure acrylic resin samples polymerized conventionally in compression flasks, and Group (II) 10 disc-shaped thermoplastic acrylic resin samples polymerized using the injection molding technique. The cells used for this study were human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cytocompatibility was evaluated by WST-1 assay and live/dead fluorescent staining. The cells were observed under fluorescent microscope and photographed at 10× magnifications. Results: An increase of the survival cell rate was observed in samples of both groups with no statistically significant difference. Although the live/dead viability/cytotoxicity assay showed a green fluorescence cell in Group I and II with fewer scattered red fluorescence cell in Group II, the difference was not significant in both groups indicating that the materials of both groups were compatible with hMSCs. Conclusions: The current in vitro study concluded that the polymerization methods used in each group had no detrimental or negative effect on the biocompatibility of denture base resins. Our finding highlighted on the use of fluorescent live/dead viable/ cytotoxicity assay to study the biocompatibility and the viability behavior of the two-denture base resins. These findings are also support by WST-1 assay.