Bend Minimization of Ortho-Radial Graph Drawings

نویسندگان

  • Matthias Wolf
  • Peter Sanders
  • Benjamin Niedermann
  • Ignaz Rutter
چکیده

We study orthogonal drawings of 4-planar graphs on cylinders—so called ortho-radial drawings. Equivalently these can be regarded as drawings on an ortho-radial grid formed by concentric circles and rays from the center of these circles but excluding the center itself. Ortho-radial drawings form a proper extension of orthogonal drawings in the plane. We present ortho-radial representations as a means to describe the shape of these drawings without fixing the actual coordinates and edge lengths. Additionally, we give conditions on the representation that are both necessary and sufficient for an ortho-radial drawing to exist. Being able to describe the shape by ortho-radial representations is a crucial step in order to apply Tamassia’s Topology-Shape-Metrics framework to ortho-radial graph drawing. Furthermore, we show that it is NP-complete to determine whether a given 4-planar graph without a fixed embedding admits an ortho-radial drawing without edge bends. But when one restricts oneself to cactus graphs, it is possible to find bend-minimal drawings in linear time. Deutsche Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit werden orthogonale Zeichnungen von 4-planaren Graphen auf Zylindern – so genannte ortho-radiale Zeichnungen – betrachtet. Diese können alternativ auch als Zeichnungen auf ein radiales Gitter angesehen werden. Ein solches Gitter besteht aus konzentrischen Kreisen und Strahlen, die vom gemeinsamen Zentrum der Kreise ausgehen, ohne dabei jedoch das Zentrum selbst zu enthalten. Ortho-radiales Zeichnen ist eine echte Erweiterung des orthogonalen Graphenzeichnens in der Ebene. Um die Form der Zeichnung zu beschreiben, ohne jedoch Koordinaten oder Kantenlängen festzulegen, werden ortho-radiale Beschreibungen vorgestellt. Für diese werden außerdem Bedingungen aufgezeigt, welche sowohl notwendig als auch hinreichend für die Existenz einer Zeichnung sind. Die Fähigkeit, die Form einer Zeichnung zu beschreiben, ist ein entscheidender Schritt zur Anwendung von Tamassias TopologyShape-Metrics-Framework auf ortho-radiales Graphenzeichnen. Zusätzlich wird gezeigt, dass es NP-vollständig ist zu entscheiden, ob ein gegebener 4-planarer Graph ohne feste Einbettung eine ortho-radiale Zeichnung ohne Kantenknicke besitzt. Beschränkt man sich jedoch auf Kaktusgraphen, so kann in Linearzeit eine knickminimale Zeichnung bestimmt werden.

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تاریخ انتشار 2016