Warfarin pharmacogenetics meets clinical use.

Warfarin Pharmacogenetics: A Rising Tide for its Clinical Value Running title: Johnson, Clinical utility of warfarin pharmacogenetics

Warfarin Pharmacogenetics: New Life for an Old Drug.

UNLABELLED Warfarin was first introduced in the 1950s and quickly became the most commonly used oral anticoagulant for the prevention of thromboembolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, or prosthetic heart valve replacement. Warfarin is highly effective in treating these diseases; however, several factors prevent it from even wider use, especially in Asian populations...

Prediction of warfarin dose: why, when and how?

Prediction models are the key to individualized drug therapy. Warfarin is a typical example of where pharmacogenetics could help the individual patient by modeling the dose, based on clinical factors and genetic variation in CYP2C9 and VKORC1. Clinical studies aiming to show whether pharmacogenetic warfarin dose predictions are superior to conventional initiation of warfarin are now underway. T...

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing.

Warfarin is a widely used anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient variability in the dose required to achieve target anticoagulation. Common genetic variants in the cytochrome P450-2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K-epoxide reductase complex (VKORC1) enzymes, in addition to known nongenetic factors, account for ~50% of warfarin dose variability. The purpose of this article ...

Pharmacogenetics: using DNA to optimize drug therapy.

Pharmacogenetics is a growing field of research that focuses on the interaction between genetics and drug therapy. Relationships between genetic variation and drug effect have been observed for a growing number of commonly used drugs. Validation studies may soon define the use of these relationships in clinical practice, moving the field toward routine application. Currently, there are only a f...

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for Pharmacogenetics-Guided Warfarin Dosing: 2017 Update.

This document is an update to the 2011 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing. Evidence from the published literature is presented for CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2, and rs12777823 genotype-guided warfarin dosing to achieve a target international normalized ratio of 2-3 when clinical genotype results are available. In ad...