Limiting Emissions from Stationary Sources
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چکیده
The first priority in designing a strategy to control nitrogen oxides is to protect human health. Human health impacts appear to be related to peak exposures to nitrogen oxides (NOx). In addition to potentially damaging human health, nitrogen oxides are precursors to ozone (O3) formation, which can harm human health and vegetation. Finally, nitrogen oxides contribute to acid deposition, which damages vegetation and aquatic ecosystems. The extent to which NOx emissions harm human health depends on ground-level concentrations and the number of people exposed. Source location can affect these parameters. Gases emitted in areas with meteorological, climatological, and topographical features that favor dispersion will be less likely to concentrate near the ground. However, some meteorological conditions, such as inversion, may result in significantly higher ambient levels. Sources away from population centers will expose fewer people to harmful pollution. Plant siting is a critical feature in any air pollution management strategy. However, due to the dispersion of nitrogen oxides that may contribute to ozone formation and acid deposition far from the source, relying on plant siting alone is not a recommended strategy. The long-term objective must be to reduce total emissions. Effective control of NOx emissions will require controls on both stationary sources and mobile transport sources. Each requires different strategies. This guideline focuses on control strategies for stationary sources (primarily fossil-fuel-fired electricity-generating plants).
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