Environmental Impact on Pathophysiology of Endometrial Angiogenesis in Patients with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) is defined as excessive blood loss during menstruation which results in interfering with women’s physical health, social interaction, emotional status and reducing the quality of life. It can have an unknown etiology or in combination with other systemic disease. It is also consider as an excessive bleeding of uterus without any apparent pathological reason and usually one of the diagnostic criteria is when the monthly menstrual blood loss is more than 80 ml. Numerous exogenous factor such as exposure to high concentration of environmental copper effects the pattern and integrity of newly formed blood in endometrium. The synthesis of blood vessel occurs by formation and differentiation of microvessel plexus as result of stimulation by variety of angiogenic factorsform endothelial cells. Numerous angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors are known to contribute for blood vessels formation in endometrium. The aim of this review to elaborate the environmental and pathological causes of abnormal angiogenesis in human endometrium.