Urothelial Carcinoma in Renal Transplant Recipients

The risk of renal transplant recipients to develope malignant disease is significantly higher than these in general population. The incidence of malignancy is estimated to be around 1520% of renal recipients 10 years after renal transplantation and increases as high as 49.6% after 20 years.(Alberu, 2010; Kapoor, 2008; Penn, 2000; Gaya, et al, 1995). The most common malignancies are skin carcinomas and lymphomas (Lutz & Heemann, 2003). The immunosuppressive agents play an important role in contributing to such happenings. United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry data demonstrated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors is associated with a reduced incidence of tumors compared to regimens that do not utilize mTOR-inhibitor (Rama & Grinyo, 2010). In UK transplant registry (UKTR) database, 1.9% of patients were reported to have a subsequent urological malignancy after renal transplantation (Besarani & Cranston, 2007).