Finding flaws: the limitations of compulsory licensing for improving access to medicines--an international comparison.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
نقش حقوق رقابت در بهبود سلامت عمومی
Competition as an important incentive for innovation leads to freedom of choice and price reduction and contributes to more rapid provision of new and effective therapeutic technologies. On the other hand, anti-competitive practices adopted by economic undertakings in the health sector may disrupt competition including limited access to medicines and medical services or increase in their price....
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The challenge of providing access to high-priced patented medicines is a global problem affecting all countries. A decade and a half ago the use of flexibilities contained in the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, in particular compulsory licensing, was seen as a mechanism to respond to high-price medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS ...
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BACKGROUND The heads of the Global Fund and the GAVI Alliance have recently promoted the idea of an international tiered pricing framework for medicines, despite objections from civil society groups who fear that this would reduce the leeway for compulsory licenses and generic competition. This paper explores the extent to which an international tiered pricing framework and the present leeway f...
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This paper discusses Brazil's efforts to provide essential medicines for its population while meeting international trade obligations. In the 1950s and 1960s, Brazil's pharmaceutical industry was largely overtaken by foreign companies. To counteract this, Brazil enacted a law in 1971 that allowed the production of patented drugs in order to provide affordable medicines, encourage research and d...
متن کاملAn exploration of compulsory licensing as an effective policy tool for antiretroviral drugs in India.
Access to affordable drugs for the treatment of HIV/AIDS and other diseases is increasingly challenging in many developing countries such as Brazil, South Africa, and India. These challenges are in part the result of strengthened patent laws mandated by the 1994 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) treaty. However, there are underutilized instruments within TRIPS that g...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Health law journal
دوره 16 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008