710-715 Gamez 1472:Gamez
نویسندگان
چکیده
D-004, a lipid extract from royal palm (Roystonea regia) fruits, has shown to inhibit prostate 5-α-reductase in vitro, and to prevent prostate hyperplasia (PH) induced with T, not with DHT, in rodents, but its potential estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects had not been studied yet. This study investigated whether D-004 produces estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects, as assessed in the uterotrophic assay in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Rats were randomly distributed into five groups: a false-operated (sham) and four groups of ovx rats: one treated with the vehicle and three others treated with D-004, estradiol and concurrent treatment with D-004 plus estradiol, respectively. Treatments were administered for 14 days. Ovariectomy reduced significantly the uterine weight, the epithelium cell height and endometrium thickness values with respect to sham groups, effects that were significantly prevented with estradiol, but unaffected with D-004. Treatment with combined therapy produced the same effect as estradiol monotherapy. According to uterotrophic assay in ovx rats, D-004 orally given at 400 mg/kg is devoid of estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity. RESUMEN. “Evaluación del D-004 en el Ensayo Uterotrófico en Ratas Adultas Ovarectomizadas”. El D-004 es un extracto lipídico del fruto de la palma real (Roystonea regia) que inhibe in vitro la 5-α-reductasa prostática, y previene la hiperplasia prostática benigna inducida con testosterona y no por dihidrotestosterona en roedores, pero sus potenciales efectos estrogénicos o antiestrogénicos no han sido aún estudiados. Este estudio evalúa si el D004 produce efectos estrogénicos o antiestrogénicos en roedores, empleando el ensayo uterotrófico en ratas adultas ovarectomizadas, las cuales fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en 5 grupos experimentales, un grupo Sham o falsamente operadas y 4 grupos ovarectomizadas, los cuales recibieron el vehiculo (control), D-004, estradiol y la combinación de ambos tratamientos durante 14 días, respectivamente. La reducción en el peso del útero inducida por la ovarectomía fue prevenida por el tratamiento de estradiol, pero no por el D-004, por su parte la terapia combinada produjo el mismo efecto observado en el grupo tratado con estradiol solamente. De acuerdo a estos resultados la administración de D-004 no evidencio efectos estrogénicos ni antiestrogénicos.
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The measurement of consciousness: assuming completeness of first-person report significantly restricts scope and reliability of theory-discrimination
INTRODUCTION The target of this comment is a recent and welcome paper (Gamez, 2014) that addresses foundational issues for neuralcorrelates-of-consciousness empiricism. This comment discusses whether Gamez’ assumptions actually allow the suggested framework to support the kind of theorydiscrimination necessary for advancing the field. Specifically, present discussions solely concern the theory-...
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