Dualistic Sector Choice and Female Labour Supply: Evidence from Formal and Informal Sectors in Cameroon

نویسندگان

  • Gauthier Lanot
  • Christophe Muller
چکیده

In developing countries, labour supply and activity choices are distorted by the existence of labour market imperfections restricting entry to the activity sectors or rationing the worked hours. The presence of decreasing returns to labour in the informal sector is another specific characteristic of labour market dualism in LDCs. Because of the existence of entry costs, hours rationing in the formal sector and the non-linear earnings function in the informal sector that is quasi-autarkic in labour, the usual separation theorems of the standard labour supply models do not apply. Using data from a sample of women in Yaoundé (Cameroon) in 1993, choosing their activity in different sectors, we show that formal and informal labour markets have features associated with dualism and market imperfections. By contrast with the simplified models in the literature, we estimate a non-linear non-separable integrated model of activity choice and labour supply of female workers, jointly with market imperfections. We identify the effects of explanatory variables of the preferences and the earnings functions in this simultaneous structural framework. The results show that the earnings function in the informal sector is strictly concave in hours, and positively related to the education and experience of workers and the capital of the family firm. The presence of young children has a negative impact on the latent labour supply whereas that of other female members makes easier the supply of labour which is consistent with the existence of substitutabilities in the domestic chores. Other children, age and marital status of the worker also influence the latent labour supply. Résumé Dans les pays en développement, l’offre de travail et les choix d’activité sont perturbés par la présence d’imperfections de marchés restreignant l’entrée dans les secteurs d’activité ou rationnant les heures travaillées. L’existence de rendements décroissants du travail dans le secteur informel est un autre trait spécifique du dualisme du marché du travail dans les PVD. En raison de l’existence de coûts d’entrée, de rationnement des heures dans le secteur formel et de fonctions de gain nonlinéaires dans le secteur informel quasi-autarcique en travail, les théorèmes usuels de séparation des modèles standards d’offre de travail ne s’appliquent pas. A partir d’informations pour un échantillon de femmes à Yaoundé (Cameroun) en 1993, choisissant leur activité dans différents secteurs, nous montrons que les marchés du travail formels et informels ont des caractéristiques associées avec dualisme et imperfections de marché. A la différence des modèles simplifiés dans la littérature, nous estimons un modèle nonlinéaire nonséparable intégré de choix d’activité et d’offre de travail des travailleurs féminins, de façon jointe à des imperfections de marché. Nous identifions les effets des variables explicatives des préférences et des fonctions de gain dans ce cadre structurel simultané. Les résultats montrent que la fonction de gain dans le secteur informel est strictement concave par rapport aux heures, et positivement reliée à l’éducation et l’expérience du travailleur, et au capital de l’entreprise familiale. La présence de jeunes enfants a un impact négatif sur l’offre de travail latente, alors que celle d’autres membres féminins facilite l’offre de travail, ce qui est cohérent avec l’existence de substitutabilités dans les taches ménagères. Les autres enfants, l’age et le statut matrimonial influencent également l’offre de travail latente.

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تاریخ انتشار 1997