Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Different Symmetries for Waveguides and Resonant Cavities Applications

In this paper we investigate the properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D PhCs) with both hexagonal and square symmetry for applications in optoelectronics and telecommunication. An efficient way of manipulating the light is to make use of the defects introduced within the periodic structure, which consequently break the symmetry of the crystal, resulting in linear waveguides or resonant cavities. We calculate using finite-difference time-domain and finitedifference frequency-domain methods the properties associated with several kinds of defects, conveniently selected, performed in 2D PhCs with square and hexagonal symmetry.