Protein expression patterns associated with advanced stage ovarian cancer.

This is a comparative proteomic study on biopsies from patients with ovarian cancer to identify potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in both healthy and tumor tissue, interstitial fluid (normal interstitial fluid and tumoral interstitial fluid and peritoneal effusion. Protein expression/identification was evaluated by 2-DE and MS analysis: six proteins showed differential expression in tumoral interstitial fluid and tumor tissue compared to normal interstitial fluid and healthy tissue: five were found to be downregulated and identified as galectin 3, glutathione S-transferase A-2, retinol binding protein 1, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein and annexin 5, while the calgranulin, was significantly upregulated in all pathological samples, including the ascitic fluid. Validation of S100A8 overexpression in carcinoma tissue was obtained by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an over-expression of calgranulin by 2-DE associated with MS/MS analysis on surgical biopsy. The reduced expression of galectin 3 and retinol binding protein 1 in cystic fluid and serum of patients with early stage disease is confirmed in this study. The results highlight alterations in proteins that control cell-cycle progression and apoptosis, as well as factors that modulate the activity of signal transduction pathways. Moreover, this study suggests that calgranulin expression may be used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker.