Cold-hardiness in the Antarctic Tick Ixodes Uriaei
نویسنده
چکیده
Ixodes uriae white (Ixodidae, Acarina) is the predominant tick on the Antarctic peninsula. This species has a circumpolar distribution in both tremispireres anO is associated with or known-.to. parasitize 4g species of seabirds r"rg. *loni"s of 1,000 or more individuals of all life stages w€re iound beneath rocks 6n the periphery of Ad6lie penguin rookeriesnear palmer station, Anven Island. AII tife $a!es 1egg, larua, nymph,. and aduh) were intolerant of freezing. Engorged oy-pt,, "na iarvae had su_ percooling poin$ between -r8 and -20 c. rggs fiaoihe r;;J;;r;oo[ng points (-28.7 c), while adults had the highest valuellfrom -z to jil ci. Acclimation to temperatures between -12 and +25 c for 2 wk bad no effect on'the supercooling point of engorged immobile nymphs. Desiccation of engorged ;y.;fio E0% oftheir initial weight resulted in no change in supercooling poini o;glG;i;;.t . to r-u"ry, engorged nymphs enter a state of apolysis ano lbse mouiliiy. Conetateo with this change is an increase in cold tolerance-as evidenced by a Oecrease in supercooling points from -11.5 to .19:5 c. This species exhibits tfi. gr"it.J,"nge of thermal tolerance, from -30 to 40 C, reported for any Antarctic terrestrial arthiopod. Except for a shorl period associated with feeding, I. uriae remains in a permanent state of cold-hardiness throughout the year.
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