Eastfire Session 3C A MODEL FOR PREDICTING FIRE-INDUCED TREE STEM MORTALITY
نویسندگان
چکیده
I. ABSTRACT A deterministic model for predicting cambial tissue necrosis and resulting stem mortality has been proposed. The model accounts for moistureand temperature-dependent thermophysical properties, desiccation, bark swelling (where appropriate), and charring, as well as species dependent thermal tolerance properties. The tissue necrosis submodel proposes that thermal impairment of tissues or mortality in populations of cells may be described by a rate equation which simulates the rate of decline in tissue viability (i.e., tissue impairment) as being proportional to current viability. The rate parameter is both speciesand temperaturedependent. Since tissue temperature varies with time as trees are heated in fires, the rate parameter is thus time-dependent. The combined model produces cambial tissue necrosis predictions in a tree stem as a function of heating rate, heating time, tree species, and stem diameter. The model has the advantage of physical realism, and the potential for extension to other species and stem diameters. The linked model is presented, and model accuracy is evaluated by comparison with experimental measurements in two hardwood and two softwood species: red maple (Acer rubrum), chestnut oak (Quercus prinus), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii).
منابع مشابه
FireStem2D – A Two-Dimensional Heat Transfer Model for Simulating Tree Stem Injury in Fires
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