A Comprehensive Review in Applied GIS-Based Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) in Water Quality Modeling in the Malacca River

A spatial decision support system is a solution for spatial issues and problems applying a computer system and providing results for decision making. This comprehensive review study has been carried out to determine GIS and RS in SDSS towards water quality modeling in Malacca River. Rapid development in land use for human activities include agricultural and livestock activities, industrial activities, residential activities, commercial activities, municipal activities, open space activities, and so on, leads to environmental issues, especially water quality in the river, which affecting the physical parameters, chemical parameters, biological parameters, and heavy metal parameters. In analysis, water quality data, land use data, map-based data, and satellite data will be grouped together to provide new information. As a result, modeling will be provided, such as water quality data overlap with RS data, water quality data overlap with land use data, map-based data overlap with water quality data and land use data, and map-based together with satellite data overlap with water quality data and land use data. In conclusion, applied GIS and RS in the SDSS model will solve the issues and problems of concentrated human activities in a particular area, as well as issues of uncontrolled land use, contamination of rivers, negative impact on human life quality and ecosystems, and destruction of the natural environment.