Blood cadmium, game consumption and tobacco smoking in southern Ontario anglers and hunters.

the Canadian Environmental Protection Act Priority List for reduction in the environment. Public health concerns arose among the James Bay Cree due to bioaccumulation of cadmium through the food chain into caribou, deer and moose meat, particularly the organs. The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources currently warns hunters not to eat deer and moose organs. Along with occupational exposure, smoking also raises blood cadmium (CdB) levels due to high cadmium concentrations in Canadian cigarettes. We investigated the determinants of CdB in Southern Ontario anglers and hunters.