Residual attractive force between superparamagnetic nanoparticles
نویسنده
چکیده
A superparamagnetic nanoparticle (SPN) is a nanometre-sized piece of a material that would, in bulk, be a permanent magnet. In the SPN the individual atomic spins are aligned via Pauli effects into a single giant moment that has easy orientations set by shape or magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Above a size-dependent blocking temperature Tb(V, τobs) , thermal fluctuations destroy the average moment by flipping the giant spin between easy orientations at a rate that is rapid on the scale of the observation time τobs. We show that, depite the vanising of the average moment, two SPNs experience a net attractive force of magnetic origin, analogous to the van der Waals force between molecules that lack a permanent electric dipole. This could be relevant for ferrofluids, for the clumping of SPNs used for drug delivery, and for ultra-dense magnetic recording media.
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