Laboratory studies of waves and instabilities in dusty plasmas*

Theoretical and experimental studies of low-frequency electrostatic waves in plasmas containing negatively charged dust grains are described. The presence of charged dust is shown to modify the properties of ion-acoustic waves and electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves through the quasineutrality condition even though the dust grains do not participate in the wave dynamics. If the dust dynamics is included in the analysis, new ‘‘dust modes’’ appear—dust acoustic and dust cyclotron modes. The results of laboratory experiments dealing with dust ion acoustic ~DIA! waves and electrostatic dust ion cyclotron ~EDIC! waves are shown. These modes are more easily excited in a plasma containing negatively charged dust. Finally, observations of dust acoustic ~DA! waves are presented and measurements of the dispersion relation are compared with one obtained from fluid theory. © 1998 American Institute of Physics. @S1070-664X~98!90505-5#