Rugged Textile Electrodes for Wearable Devices Obtained by Vapor Coating OfftheShelf, PlainWoven Fabrics

Fabrics are pliable, breathable, lightweight, ambient stable, and have unmatched haptic perception. Here, a vapor deposition method is used to transform off-the-shelf plain-woven fabrics, such as linen, silk, and bast fiber fabrics, into metal-free conducting electrodes. These fabric electrodes are resistant to wear, stable after laundering and ironing, and can be bodymounted with little detriment to their performance. A unique by-product of conformally vapor coating plain-woven fabrics is that textile parameters, such as thread material and fabric porosity, significantly affect the conductivity of the resulting fabric electrodes. The resistivities of the electrodes reported herein are linearly, not exponentially, dependent on length, meaning that they can be feasibly incorporated into garments and other large-area bodymounted devices. Further, these fabric electrodes possess the feel, weight, breathability, and pliability of standard fabrics, which are important to enable adoption of wearable devices.